Polish Grammar
This is a table I created for Polish grammar noun cases.
Polish cases |
Gerneral Summary of when a Polish noun case is used. |
| Nomitive | It is used when you refer to a direct object . This is…. |
| Kto/Co | |
| Who/what | . |
| Genitive | Possession, Mark’s car. Or lack of possession (I do not have a car); going towards . |
| Kogo/Czego | |
| Of whose/Of what | |
| Dative | Doing something ‘to’ I am giving a book to… |
| Kumu/Czemu | |
| to who/ to what | |
| Accusitive | The direct object of most verbs; the object of some prepositions. This case refers to the indirect object, like, have, see. |
| Kogo/Co | |
| Whom/What | |
| Instumental | Used with prepositions: z -with, przed -infront of, nad -above, pod -under, za -behind or traveling by. Saying someone is (title or category) |
| Kim/Czym | |
| With whom/With what | |
| Locative | Used with prepostions: na -on, at, w -in, przy -by,at po -after, o -about |
| O Kim/O Czym | |
| About who/about what | |
| Vocative | Rare-to call someone. |
Another view of Polish grammar case summary with more specifics
| Nomitive | To jest | This is | |
| Genitive | dom Marka | house of Mark | |
| szukać | look for | ||
| nie | not | ||
| słuchać | look for | ||
| duzo | many | ||
| kilka | few | ||
| od | from since | ||
| do | to, towards, into | ||
| dla | for | ||
| kolo | near | ||
| z | out out, from | ||
| blisko | near | ||
| obok | beside | ||
| daleko | far | ||
| niedaleko | near | ||
| w podblizu | near | ||
| naprzeciw | opposite | ||
| wsród | amoung | ||
| wzdluz | along | ||
| dokola | around | ||
| naokolo | around | ||
| Dative | pomagać | (give) help to | |
| wyjasnij | (give) trust to | ||
| dawac | give to | ||
| pozwalać | allow to | ||
| pozyczać | lend to | ||
| zaufanie | explain to | ||
| Accusitive | miej | have | |
| lubić | like | ||
| zobacz | see | ||
| Instumental | z | with | |
| przed | in front of;behind | ||
| nad | above | ||
| pod | under,bellow | ||
| za | behind | ||
| by (transportation) | |||
| labeling someone…he is american, she is a dentist. | |||
| Locative | na | on, at | |
| w | in | ||
| przy | by,at | ||
| po | after | ||
| o | about,of | ||
Tu są błędy.
Where, please point them out.
“nie’ needs ma, “nie ma”
“z” is wrong case (z Markiem, not z Marka)
“daleko” and “niedaleko” need “od (daleko od…)
zaufanie doesn’t mean “explain to” means trust, zaufanie do—2nd case,
but ufac komu, czemu: 3rd
miej needs to be miec, zobacz needs to be zobaczyc
You are right and thank you for these corrections on Polish grammar.
‘you’re’ not ‘your’
“your’ is genitive an ‘you’re’ is a contraction of ‘you are’
All verbs in infinitive end in c’ (there are some exceptions, like moc). And the verb to have is miec’, not miej. Zobacz means “you look”, I suppose you’re looking for the infinitive, which would be zobaczyc’.
wsród -> wśród
dleko -> daleko
szukac’ -> szukać
slochac look -> i’m sorry, but i don’t understand it. look -> patrzeć
słuchać -> listen
duzo -> dużo
miej have ||| have/has -> mieć
I haven’t time to writing…
szukac’ listen / szukać means look for, not listen; listen means słuchać
look means patrzeć, not słuchać.
Byłoby dobrze, gdybyś poprawił te błędy.
Pozdrawiam,
M.
Hello.
I’ve found some mistakes here :).
I’m native polish, then i can make some mistakes too, bot i think it will help you at all.
Słuchać- Listen- for example listen the music (Słuchać muzyki).
Dużo: many (maybe little dott above “z” but it is important)
W pobliżu (we don’t have word “w podbliżu” in PL)
Wyjaśnić means explain to and zaufać is trust to.
In accusitive you have 2 mistakes:
Mieć means have and zobaczyć i better for see or widzieć.
I think that’s all.
Thank you very much for finding these grammar corrections, I need to update the files.
I agree with above writings about mistakes.
I do not agree only with this what is written in comments about “w pobliżu” The word exist in Polish language and means “blisko” can be translated as “niedaleko” too.
You explained all very well amigo. I’m Spanish native speaker and I read and write English 50% . I was 3 times in the wonderful Poland, my Polish friends could not explain me the grammar very clearly. Thanks to your work here how can I well understand Genitive? The relation between two subjects? Is enough?
“accusative” not accusitive
Komu? Czemu? not Kumu? Czemu?
“Nominative” not nominitive
“instrumental” not instumental
A lot of ć missing, as well as ł.
Bardzo pomocna, wspaniała strona dla ludzi ktorzy zaczynaja uczyć się jezyka polskiego. Bardzo proszę poprawić te parę błędów o których parę osób wspomniało bo mogą one wprowadzać w błąd początkujacych. Powodzenia!